葛长字^1，2，张 帆²，徐宾铎²，任一平²
（1 山东大学威海分校海洋学院，山东 威海 264209；
2 中国海洋大学水产学院，山东 青岛 266003）

摘要：为明确胶州湾大沽河河口潮滩贝类底播养殖区生态功能退化的原因，2009年2月、5月、8月和11月，在该潮滩采集表层沉积物样品，分析其中有机物的质量分数并评价表层沉积物的环境质量。结果表明：2月，非底播潮滩、底播潮滩和河道的表层沉积物中有机物的质量分数分别是7.35%、6.00%和4.12%；5月，上述区域表层沉积物中有机物的质量分数分别为1.90%、6.67%和3.29%；8月，表层沉积物中有机物的质量分数分别为1.66%、5.69%和3.71%；11月，表层沉积物物中有机物的质量分数分别为1.88%、4.20%和4.94%。贝类养殖潮滩表层沉积物的环境质量在5月为三类水平，在2月、8月和11月属二类；非养殖潮滩在2月属三类水平，在5月、8月和11月属一类；河道在2月、11月属二类水平，在5月、8月属一类。因此，潮滩底播养殖区生态功能退化源于表层沉积物中过多有机物质的积聚，在2月，贝类食物短缺也是其成因。

关键词：贝类底播养殖；有机物质量分数；沉积物环境质量；大沽河河口

Spatio-temporal characteristics of organic matters of surface sediment
in tidal flats of the Daguhe Estuary
GE Chang-zi ^{1, 2}, ZHANG Fan ², XU Bin-duo ² , REN Yi-ping ²
( 1 Marine College, Shandong University at Weihai, Weihai Shandong 264209, China;
2 Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao Shandong 266003, China )

Abstract: In order to make certain the right reason that caused the degradation of ecological function of tidal flats in the Daguhe Estuary for the bottom sowing enhancement, surface sediment cores were sampled in February, May, August and November of 2009. Furthermore, the organic matters content of these sediments were measured and the environmental quantities of sediments were assessed. In February, the organic matters content of sediments in the tidal flat without benthic shellfish culture, the tidal flat with benthic shellfish culture and the river way was 7.35%, 6.00% and 4.12%, respectively. In May, it was 1.90%, 6.67% and 3.29%, respectively. The organic matters content of sediments in August in these areas was1.66%, 5.69% and 3.71%, respectively. Nevertheless, in November, it was 1.88%, 4.20% and 4.94%, respectively. The environmental quantity of sediments in the tidal flat with benthic shellfish culture belonged to the third level in May and it belonged to the second level in other sampling months. Nevertheless, the environmental quantity of sediments in the uncultured tidal belonged to the third level in February and belonged to the first level in May, August and November. The environmental quantity of sediments in the river way belonged to the second level in February and November. In May and August, it belonged to the first level. It was the accumulation of organic matters leading to the decline of the growth rate and the increase of mortality rate of cultured shellfish. Besides that, the shortage of food affected theses shellfish.

Key words: benthic shellfish culture; organic matters content; environmental quantity of sediments; Daguhe Estuary

基金项目：国家海洋公益性行业专项经费项目（200805066）；山东大学自主创新基金
作者简介：葛长字（1973—），男，副教授，研究方向：水生态系统健康及养殖容量评价。E-mail: changzige@ouc.edu.cn

(来源：《渔业现代化》2011.38(2)：65-68)