张 亚，张光发，黄亚南
（大连海洋大学，辽宁 大连 116023）

摘要：在拖网渔船的船型论证中，需要考虑渔船、渔场、渔港（或锚地）和渔业市场等因素，结合渔场资源情况，选择与渔船舱容相匹配的合理的网具以达到寻求最优船型的目的。通过研究拖网渔船船型与网具和网次产量的关系，以船长、船宽、型深、方形系数和设计自航航速为船型优化参数，选取净现值、渔捞效果系数、投资偿还期、吨鱼油耗和吨鱼成本等为船型论证经济指标，利用指标权重法构建了船型优化模型，对拖网渔船进行了船型技术经济论证。以运营于南美某海域的变水层大型拖网渔船为计算实例进行了优化分析，得出了最优船型方案及其网次产量，进而可参照选择船型参数与网具。在拖网渔船的论证阶段可利用该优化方法可达到对拖网渔船进行船型与网具优化分析的目的。
 

关键词：拖网渔船；船型优化；网次产量；技术经济论证

 

Optimization of ship form and fishing net of trawlers
ZHANG Ya, ZHANG Guangfa, HUANG Yanan
(Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China)

Abstract: In the optimization and analysis of trawlers ship forms, the factors such as the ship itself, fishing ground, fishing anchorage and fishery market and fishery resources should be considered to select fishery net matching to ship fishing capacity so as to seek the optimal ship forms. In this pager, the relation of ship forms and fishing net yield of trawlers was studied, based on which, an optimization model of trawlers ship forms was designed by using index weight method with ship length, molded breadth, molded depth, block coefficient and design speed as optimized design parameters, and the net present value, fishing effect coefficient, investment payback period, tons of fish oil, tons of fish cost were selected as economic evaluation indexes of ship forms. And the technical and economic evaluations of ship forms were conducted. Taking the change-layers big trawlers operating in South America waters as a calculation case to optimize and analyze the model, the optimal ship form solution and fishing net yield were obtained, which can be referred as parameters and fishing net for the the ship form selection. The optimization method can be applied in the trawlers evaluation stage, so as to achieve the aims of optimize and analyze the ship form and fishing nets of the trawlers.
 

Key words: trawler, ship form optimization, net yield, technical and economic evaluation
 

（来源：《渔业现代化》2014,41(5):54-59）