杜美荣1，方建光1，张继红1，毛玉泽1，葛长字2，高亚平1，刘顶海1
（1中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所，青岛266071；2山东大学威海分校海洋学院，威海264209）

摘要：在水温为22~24 ℃，盐度29.6，溶解氧6.9 mg/L，pH 8.01的条件下，研究了多棘海盘车（Asterias amurensis）对4种贝类栉孔扇贝（Chlamys farreri）、贻贝（Mytilus edulis）、东方缝栖蛤（Hiatella orientalis）、菲律宾蛤仔（Ruditapes philippinarum）的摄食与食物选择性，以期了解多棘海盘车摄食生理生态学特性。结果表明：当只有一种贝类作为饵料时，多棘海盘车对不同贝类的摄食率差异极显著（P<0.01）。其中，对东方缝栖蛤的摄食率最大，为0.005 7 ~0.008 0 g干重/(h•只)（壳长为7~20 mm），其次是贻贝为0.003 5~0.004 9 g干重/(h•只) （壳长为10~21 mm），对栉孔扇贝的摄食率最小，为0.001 4~0.002 8 g干重/(h•只)（壳长为14~31 mm）。同时，多棘海盘车的摄食率还表现出一定的昼夜差异，夜间的摄食率大于白天，但差异并不显著（P>0.05）。当4种贝类同时作为饵料存在时，多棘海盘车对东方缝栖蛤的摄食率最大，为0.003 0 g干重/(h•只)，其次是贻贝为0.001 7 g干重/(h•只)，以摄食率评价摄食选择，多棘海盘车对于该4种贝类具有明显的选择性（P<0.05），其摄食选择性的顺序为：东方缝栖蛤，贻贝，菲律宾蛤仔，栉孔扇贝。
关键词：多棘海盘车；贝类；摄食率；摄食选择性

Feeding rate and food preference of Asterias amurensis on four species of bivalves
DU Mei-rong1, FANG Jian-guang1, ZHANG Ji-hong1, MAO Yu-ze1,
GE Chang-zi2, GAO Ya-ping1, LIU Ding-hai1
( 1 Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;
2 Marine College, Shandong University at Weihai; Weihai 264209, China )

Abstract: In order to study the feeding-physiological ecology of starfish (Asterias amurensis), the feeding rate and food preference to four species of bivalves were determined at temperature 22-24 ℃, salinity 29.6, dissolved oxygen 6.9 mg/L and pH 8.01. The results of feeding rate suggested a significant difference (P<0.01) when culture of the starfish with each bivalves, respectively. The starfish had the highest feeding rate on Hiatella orientalis at 0.005 7-0.008 0 gdw/(h•ind) (the shell length was 7-20 mm), followed by Mytilus edulis (0.003 5-0.004 9 gdw /(h•ind), the shell length was 10-21 mm ) and the lowest feeding rate on Chlamys farreri (0.001 4-0.002 8 gdw /(h•ind), the shell length was 14-31 mm). At the same time, the feeding rate of starfish on the bicalves also showed a certain difference of day and night, exhibiting the higher feeding rate during the night than day, but the difference was not significant (P>0.05). When cultured with four species of bivalves together, the starfish also shows the highest feeding rate on H.orientalis 0.003 0 gdw/(h•ind), followed by M. edulis 0.001 7 gdw /(h•ind) and less preference feeding on the C. farreri and R. philippinarum. The starfish have obvious selectivity (P<0.05) on four species of bivalves by the feeding rate, and the sequence ranked after the feeding selectivity was H.orientalis, M.edulis, R. philippinarum, C. farreri.
Key words: Asterias amurensis; bivalve; feeding rate; food preference

基金项目：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项（20603022011003；YJ2010-02）；国家“863”高技术研发计划项目（2012AA10A405-2）；山东省科技发展计划项目“多棘海盘车生态习性调查研究及其潜在开发利用价值”
作者简介：杜美荣（1982—），女，助理研究员，硕士，主要从事贝类繁育与养殖生态容纳量研究。E-mail:dumeirong622@163.com
通讯作者：方建光（1960—），男，研究员，主要从事海水健康养殖理论与技术及碳汇渔业研究。E-mail: fangjg@ysfri.ac.cn

（来源：《渔业现代化》2012,39(2):25-29,47）