陈帅¹，黄洪亮¹，张国胜²，邢彬彬²，刘健¹，
吴越¹，屈泰春^1,2，李灵智¹
（1 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所，农业部东海与远洋渔业资源开发利用重点实验室，上海，200090；
2 大连海洋大学，辽宁 大连，116023）

摘要：音响驯化作为一种重要的鱼类行为控制技术在海洋声牧场中的地位越来越重要。本文研究其有效作用范围的主要影响因素：海洋环境噪声级、水声传播损失、鱼类的听觉特性、水下换能器的声源级。通过建立水声信号系统，由水听器、声级计、信号记录仪、信号处理软件组成，着重对海洋环境噪声进行了测量。结果表明，大连黑石礁湾海洋环境噪声级为93～118 dB，水下传播损失为30 lg r，以许氏平鲉（Sebastes schlegeli）、黄盖鲽（Limanda aspera）为驯化鱼种，单个驯化点的有效作用范围分别约为52.2 m、44.5 m。

关键词：音响驯化；海洋环境噪声；传播损失；鱼类听觉；声源级

Research on the effective range of the acoustic conditioning
CHEN Shuai1, HUANG Hong-liang1, ZHANG Guo-sheng2, XING Bin-bin2, LIU Jian1, WU Yue1, QU Tai-chun1,2, LI Ling-zhi1
（1 Key Laboratory of East China Sea and Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090,China;
2 Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China）

Abstract: As an important control technology of fish behavior, the acoustics conditioning’s position in fishery has become increasingly important. This article focuses on the main influencing factors that affect the effective range of the acoustic conditioning: the noise level in marine environment, the sound transmission loss, the auditory characteristics of fish, and the source level of underwater acoustic transducer. The acoustic signal processing systems is established, which include hydrophone, sound level meter, signal recorder, software Flexpro. And the noise in marine environment and the sound transmission loss is measured. Results showed that the noise of the Heishijiao Bay in Dalian is 93-118 dB. The underwater transmission loss is 30lgr. Finally, if selected Sebastes schlegeli or Limanda aspera, the range of single domestication point is 52.2m or 44.5m. Also some application problems are discussed.

Key words：Fish acoustic conditioning; ocean ambient noise; transmission loss; the auditory characteristics of fish; the source level of underwater acoustic transducer

基金项目：公益性行业（农业）科研专项“渔场捕捞技术与渔具研究与示范 ”（201203018）
作者简介：陈帅（1985—），男，硕士，助理研究员，研究方向：鱼类行为与渔业工程，E-mail：yangpu79@hotmail.com。
通讯作者：黄洪亮（1964—），男，研究员，研究方向：捕捞技术与渔业工程，E-mail：ecshhl@163.com

（来源：《渔业现代化》2012,40(1):36-39）