李君华¹，刘佳亮¹，曹学彬¹，李 静¹，刘石林²，
王得宾¹，高 滨¹，王国文¹
（1 山东东方海洋科技股份有限公司海参研究中心，山东 烟台264003；
2 中国科学院海洋研究所，山东 青岛266071）

摘要：为研究芽孢杆菌和光合细菌协同作用对刺参养殖水质及其生长、消化和免疫的影响，测定了水体COD、氨氮（NH4+-N）和亚硝酸盐氮（NO2--N）24 h的变化量、肠道蛋白酶和淀粉酶的活性以及体腔液超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、碱性磷酸酶（AKP）和溶菌酶（LSZ）的活力。结果显示，混合菌投喂组优于单一菌投喂组。在芽孢杆菌和光合细菌投喂浓度以1.86×105和1.75×104 CFU/mL搭配时，该实验组协同作用效果最优，水体COD、NH4+-N和NO2--N含量均显著低于对照组（P<0.05）；刺参特定生长率最大（0.76%/d），较对照组提高56.8%，成活率亦最高（97.8%）；蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性最高（96.72和98.72 U/mg prot），较对照组显著提高149%和44.82%；体腔液SOD活力最高（65.16 U/ml）。而两种菌对刺参AKP和LSZ活力的影响较小。研究表明，芽孢杆菌和光合细菌搭配合理效果更佳，能够有效改善养殖环境，提高刺参消化酶活性和免疫力，促进刺参生长。

关键词：刺参；芽孢杆菌；光合细菌；水质；消化酶；免疫因子

Effects of Bacillus subtilis and photosynthetic bacteria on cultured sea cucumberＡpstichopus japonicus
LI Jun-hua1, LIU Jia-liang1, CAO Xue-bin1, LI Jing1, LIU Shi-lin2, WANG De-bin1, GAO Bin1, WANG Guo-wen1,
(1 Sea Cucumber Institute Center, Dong fang Science and technology Co. Ltd., Yan tai 264003, China;
2 Institute of Oceanology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China)

Abstract: To determine the effects of Bacillus subtilis and photosynthetic bacteria (PSB) on aquaculture water and the growth, digestion and immunity ofＡ. Japonicus, the related water quality, digestive enzymes and immune parameters were measured. The results showed that the concentration of COD, ammonia-N and NO2--N of the experiment group that introduced 1.86×105 CFU/mL Bacillus sp. and 1.75×104 CFU/mL PSB, were significantly lower than the of the control group (P<0.05) . At the end of the whole experiment, the survival and specific growth rates ofＡ. Japonicus in this group were 97.8% and 0.76%/d, and both of the two parameters was the highest among all the groups; the activities of protease and amylase were significantly higher than those of the control groups (P <0.05), increased respectively by 149% and 44.82%. Our study showed that the bacteria at a suitable concentration can greatly enhance the immunity ofＡ. Japonicus and improve aquaculture water, however the activities of alkaline phosphatase and lysozyme in all groups were not significant (P >0.05).

Key words:Ａpstichopus japonicus；Bacillus subtilis；photosynthetic bacteria；water quality；digestive enzymes; immune parameters
基金项目：2011年山东省农业良种工程；海阳市科学技术发展计划项目（2011041）
作者简介：李君华（1983—），女，工程师，硕士，研究方向：养殖刺参水质调控及营养饲料。E-mail: marinejh@yahoo.cn

（来源：《渔业现代化》2012,40(1):7-12）