刘健¹，钱晨荣²，黄洪亮¹，李灵智¹，冯春雷¹，刘志东¹，陈帅¹，吴越¹，徐冰¹
（1 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所，农业部东海与远洋渔业资源开发利用重点实验室，上海 200090；
2 上海金优远洋渔业有限公司，上海 200090）

摘要：吸鱼泵是水产养殖和商业捕捞中用于渔获起捕、运输，提高生产效率的主要工具。确保鱼体无损伤并提高存活率是吸鱼泵研究的重点。本文介绍了国内外吸鱼泵的研究现状，讨论了离心式、真空式和射流式吸鱼泵主要机型的技术特点和性能水平；分析了美国、日本及欧洲等国在泵体结构优化、吸鱼泵扩展系统、吸虾泵和网囊泵吸系统等方面的研究进展。针对目前存在的鱼体损伤率高、效率偏低、机体笨重和能耗偏高等问题，提出了我国吸鱼泵技术的发展对策：需重点解决鱼体无损传输、增强通用性、提高智能化水平以及开发远洋渔业连续捕捞系统等问题。

关键词：吸鱼泵；无损传输；起捕机

Research progress of fish pump at home and abroad
LIU Jian1, QIAN Chen-rong2, HUANG Hong-liang1, LI Ling-zhi1, FENG Chun-lei1, LIU Zhi-dong1, CHEN Shuai1, WU Yue1, XU Bing1

(1 Key Laboratory of East China Sea and Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China;
2 Shanghai Jinyou Deep Sea Fisheries Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200090, China)

Abstract: Fish pump is the important production tool in the aquaculture and commercial fishing used for the effectively live fish harvest and transfer. At present, the key research direction of fish pump mainly focuses on the damage-free transfer technology and enhancing the survival rate. This paper introduced the present development situations of fish pumps at home and aboard, and discussed the technical features and performance level of mainstream model, such as centrifugal pump, vacuum pump and jet pump. Analyzed the research progress in the pump structural optimization, fish pump expanding system, shrimp pump and cod-end pumping system, which made by the United States, Japan and European countries. Then for the existing problems of fish damage, low efficiency, bulky body and high energy consumption, present the future research and development strategy of domestic fish pump, such as realizing damage free transfer, optimizing modular unit and multipurpose component, improving the intelligent and integrated control level and developing the continuous capture system for oceanic fishery, which can provide technical support for the acceleration of national fisheries modernization process.

Key words: fish pump; damage free transfer; harvesting machine

基金项目：国家863计划（2012AA092301）；国家公益性行业（农业）科研专项（201203018）
作者简介：刘健（1985—）, 男, 研究实习员, 研究方向：渔业工程。E-mail: jliu@vip.qq.com
通讯作者：黄洪亮（1964—）, 男, 研究员, 研究方向：捕捞技术与渔业工程。E-mail: ecshhl@163.com

（来源：《渔业现代化》2012,40(1):57-62）