关长涛^1，3，刘 彦²，赵云鹏²，崔 勇^1，3，李 娇^1，3
（1 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所，青岛市海水鱼类种子工程与生物技术重点实验室，青岛 266071；
2 大连理工大学，海岸和近海工程国家重点实验室，大连 116024；
3 农业部渔业装备与工程重点开放实验室，中国水产科学研究院渔业机械仪器研究所，上海 200092）

摘要：为了获得复合M型人工鱼礁的流场效应，为鱼礁的结构设计提供理论依据，选取3个不同水流流速（6.7 cm/s、11.0 cm/s、18.0 cm/s），采用粒子图像测速（PIV）技术，对复合M型人工鱼礁的二维流场进行测试。结果表明：礁体迎流面和背流面分别产生上升流和背涡流，其规模随着来流速度的增加而增大；当鱼礁圆柱孔与流向夹角为90°时所产生的上升流高度为礁高的1.6~2.1倍，背涡流面积为迎流面积的1.0~1.7倍；夹角为0°时上升流高度为礁高的1.3~1.9倍，背涡流面积为迎流面积的40%~60%；90°工况下上升流平均流速是0°工况时的1.1~2.7倍，背涡流的最大回流速度为0°时的3.0~9.0倍。鱼礁投放时采用鱼礁圆柱孔与水流流向垂直的摆放形式流态较好。

关键词：人工鱼礁；粒子图像测速（PIV）；上升流；背涡流；定量分析

Experimental study on two-dimensional flow field of the compound M artificial reef with Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV)
GUAN Chang-tao ^{1, 3}, LIU Yan², ZHAO Yun-peng², CUI Yong ^{1, 3}, LI Jiao ^{1, 3}
( 1 Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Qingdao 266071, China; 2 State Key Lab of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; 3 Key Laboratory of Fishery Equipment and Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences )

Abstract: In order to provide a theoretical basis for the structural design of reefs, effects of compound M artificial reef on flow field have been studied through two dimension Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technology at a velocity of 6.7 cm/s, 11.0 cm/s and 18.0 cm/s. The results showed that the ranges of upwelling and wake increased with the increase of water speed. The upwelling’s height was 1.6 to 2.1 times than the reef height and the area of back eddy was 1.0 to 1.7 times than the square of reefs facing the income current when the cylindrical hole and the flow with an angle of 90°. The upwelling’s height was 1.3 to 1.9 times than the reef height and the area of back eddy was 40%~60% than the square of reefs facing the income current when the cylindrical hole and the flow with an angle of 0°. The average velocity of upwelling and the maximum velocity of back eddy with an angle of 90°was 1.1 to 2.7 times and 3.0 to 9.0 times than the angle of 0°. A better flow pattern was got when the cylindrical hole was perpendicular to flow .

Key words: artificial reefs; Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV); upwelling; back eddy; quantitative study

基金项目：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目（2010-chb-01，2008-gy-01，2007-chb-03）；公益性行业（农业）科研专项（200903005）；国家自然科学基金创新群体（50921001）
作者简介：关长涛（1962—），男，研究员，研究方向：设施渔业工程技术。E-mail: guanct@ysfri.ac.cn

(来源：《渔业现代化》2010.37(1):15-19)