齐巨龙¹，赖铭勇¹，谭洪新²，罗国芝²，王茂元¹，田 田¹
（1 福建省淡水水产研究所，福州 350002；2 上海海洋大学水产与生命学院，上海 201306）

摘要：为缩短新建海水循环水养殖系统生物过滤器硝化功能构建时间，通过预培养生物膜的方法获得已建立完全硝化功能的2.5 m3过滤材料，将其置于新建系统的生物过滤器中进行硝化细菌接种，系统放养美国红鱼（Sciaenops ocellatus Linnaeus）。结果表明：经12 d系统的硝化功能成熟，养殖池氨态氮维持在0.50 mg/L左右，亚硝态氮维持在0.10 mg/L以下，系统运行34 d，硝态氮上升至63.58 mg/L。18~48 d系统稳定运行阶段，养殖池出水口氨态氮平均值0.44 mg/L，进水口氨态氮平均值0.05 mg/L，一次性平均去除率88.64%。系统的日换水量<1%。养殖1个月，美国红鱼成活率90.91%，养殖密度达28.65 kg/m3水体。预培养生物膜法有效缩短了海水生物过滤器硝化功能构建的时间，具有操作简单、节约时间、系统运行稳定的特点，将使内陆地区开展海水鱼养殖变为可能。

关键词：预培养生物膜；海水循环水养殖系统；硝化；美国红鱼

Research on the application of cultivating biofilms beforehand in seawater Recirculating Aquaculture System
QI Ju-long ¹, LAI Ming-yong ¹, TAN Hong-xin ², LUO Guo-zhi ², WANG Mao-yuan ¹, TIAN Tian ¹
( 1 Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350002, China;
2 College of Fisheries and Life Science,Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China )

Abstract: By means of cultivating biofilms beforehand, a new seawater Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) was inoculated with 2.5 m3 functional nitrification media in order to accelerate nitrification in the new seawater culture systems. Sciaenops ocellatus Linnaeus were cultured at the same time. The functional nitrification was established in the RAS 12 days later. It was a simple, effective and timesaving method to establishing functional nitrification of seawater biofilms. In the steady running period of the RAS: The ammonia nitrogen average density of the culturing pond’s water outlet was 0.44 mg/L, and the water inlet was 0.05 mg/L after watertreatment. the average removal rate of ammonia nitrogen was 88.64%; The nitrite nitrogen density of culturing pond’s was under 0.10 mg/L; The nitrate nitrogen density was up to 63.58 mg/L after 34 days running of the RAS; The water exchange of the RAS was less than 1% in 24 hours, and it was almost zero release of this system. 1 month later, the survival rate of Sciaenops ocellatus Linnaeus was 90.91%.The culture density was up to 28.65 kg/m3. It was indicated this RAS was running steady, and the marine fishes would be cultured in the interior which was far away from the sea by this new culture model.

Key words: cultivating biofilms beforehand; seawater recirculating aquaculture system (RAS); nitrification; Sciaenops ocellatus Linnaeus


基金项目：福建省海洋与渔业厅重点项目“优质鱼工程化高效健康养殖示范基地”（2007年010合同）
作者简介：齐巨龙（1982—），男，硕士，研究方向：设施渔业。E-mail: qijulong@163.com

(来源：《渔业现代化》2010.37(2)：14-18)