朱 浩¹，刘兴国¹，王 健¹，顾兆俊¹，程果锋¹，LIN Chang Kwei ²
（1农业部渔业装备与工程技术重点实验室，中国水产科学研究院渔业机械仪器研究所，上海 200092；
2 亚洲理工学院，泰国 巴吞他尼府 12120）

摘要：为探讨池塘养殖水体时间和空间上的变化特征，在上海市标准化养殖池塘里进行了水质参数监测和分析，研究了池塘上层、中层、下层不同水层的水质变化情况。结果表明：一年中池塘水质呈季节性变化，氨氮均值在9—11月最高，在5月份最低；溶氧均值在9—11月最低，在12月至次年3月最高；pH无明显季节性变化。不同水质参数日变化研究发现，一天中氨氮值在6:00左右最高，在17:00左右最低；溶氧最高值出现在15:00—17:00，最低值在5:00左右；pH在1:00最低，14:00左右最高。养鱼池塘水体有较明显的分层现象，上层、中层、下层不同水层的氨氮、溶氧、pH均有差异。一天中氨氮与溶氧总体呈负相关性（t＜0.05），溶氧值升高时氨氮值下降。

关键词：池塘养殖；水层；水质变化；氨氮；溶氧

Study on characteristics of the vertical variation in aquaculture pond water
ZHU Hao1, LIU Xing-guo1, WANG Jian1, GU Zhao-jun1, CHENG Guo-feng1, LIN Chang Kwei 2

( 1 Key Laboratory of Fishery Equipment and Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute ,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200092,China;
2 Asian Institute of Technology, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand )

Abstract: In order to discuss the variations of pond water in different spaces at different times, water quality of standard fish ponds in Shanghai has been monitored and analyzed, and the water quality in different water layers had been studied. The results show that pond water quality varies in different seasons. The average ammonia nitrogen value reaches the highest from September to December and the lowest in March. The lowest average value of dissolved oxygen appears from September to November and the highest from December to next March, while the pH value shows no obvious seasonal variations. Studies on daily changes of water quality show that ammonia nitrogen of the culture water reaches the highest at 6:00 am, and the lowest at 5:00 pm; the DO value between 3:00—5:00 pm is the highest and the one at 5:00 am is the lowest; while the highest pH value happens at 2:00 pm, and the lowest at 1:00 am. The water body in the ponds shows obvious depth stratification, and the values of ammonia nitrogen, dissolved oxygen, and pH are different in surface waters, middle water and bottom water. Meanwhile, the ammonia nitrogen has a negative correlation with DO (t＜0.05), and the ammonia nitrogen decreases as the DO increases.

Key words: pond aquaculture; depth stratification; water quality variety; ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N); dissolve oxygen (DO)

（来源：《渔业现代化》2012,39(4):12-15）