张 敏^1，2，廖明军^{1 ,3}，李大鹏^1，2，陆诗敏^1，2，陈 瑾^1，2，何绪刚^1，2
（1 华中农业大学水产学院， 武汉，430070；
2 淡水水产健康养殖湖北省协同创新，武汉，430070；
3 湖北工业大学资源与环境工程学院，武汉，430068）

摘要：为研究氯霉素、恩诺沙星和磺胺嘧啶3种抗生素对淡水池塘沉积物氨氧化微生物生长和硝化作用的影响，进行了室内的模拟试验。结果表明，3种药物均在不同程度上抑制了硝化作用。氯霉素对硝化反应的抑制作用呈剂量依赖性：50~100 mg/kg剂量组对氨氧化抑制作用不显著，但对整个硝化反应抑制作用显著；而200~500 mg/kg剂量组显著抑制了氨氧化等硝化反应。恩诺沙星（50~400 mg/kg）和磺胺嘧啶（100~500 mg/kg）对氨氧化等硝化反应有显著抑制作用，且均无剂量依赖性。氯霉素（≤500 mg/kg）和恩诺沙星（≤400 mg/kg）未对氨氧化古菌（AOA）和氨氧化细菌（AOB）生长产生显著影响，磺胺嘧啶（≤500 mg/kg）对AOA生长无显著影响，但对AOB生长有显著抑制作用。

关键词：硝化作用；氨氧化古菌；氨氧化细菌；氯霉素；恩诺沙星；磺胺嘧啶

Effects of three kinds of antibiotic on the nitrification and the growth of
ammonia-oxidizing microorganism in freshwater aquaculture pond sediment

ZHANG Min1,2 , LIAO Minjun1,3, LI Dapeng1,2 , LU Shimin1,2 , CHEN Jin1,2, HE Xugang1,2
（1 Fisheries College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China；
2 Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070，China；
3 College of resource and environmental engineering, Hubei university of technology, Wuhan 430068, China）

Abstract：Effects of chloramphenicol, enrofloxacin and sulfadiazine on the nitrification and the growth of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in freshwater aquaculture pond sediment had been studied in the laboratory. The results showed that all the three kinds of drug could inhibit the nitrification in different degrees. Chloramphenicol was found having a dose-dependent effect on nitrification. It inhibited the nitrification process distinctively at a high concentration (200-500 mg/kg), whereas only affected the nitrification slightly at a lower concentrations (50-100 mg/kg). Enrofloxacin (50-400 mg/kg) and sulfadiazine (100-500 mg/kg) could inhibit the nitrification obviously. Neither of them had been observed dose-dependent. Chloramphenicol (≤500 mg/kg) and enrofloxacin (≤400 mg/kg) had no significant effect on the growth of AOA and AOB. Sulfadiazine (≤500 mg/kg) had significant inhibitory effect on the growth of AOB, while no evident effect on AOA had been observed.

Key words: Nitrification; Ammonia-oxidizing archaea; Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria; Chloramphenicol; Enrofloxacin; Sulfadiazine

（来源：《渔业现代化》2013,40(3):25-30,36）