魏大鹏，单洪伟，马 甡
（中国海洋大学海水养殖教育部重点实验室，山东 青岛 266003）

摘要：以水体中氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮的降解率为指标，寻求固定化微生物复合载体及最佳配比。以聚乙烯醇（PVA）和海藻酸钠（SA）为载体，二氧化硅（SiO2）为吸附剂，采用包埋法固定复合细菌制备成固定化小球，研究各成分在不同比例下，对水产养殖水体氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮的去除效果的影响。固定化小球的最佳工艺条件为PVA10%、SA3%、包埋菌量0.1%、SiO2 4%、交联时间36 h。固定化小球24 h的氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮降解率分别达到96.0%和98.0%。添加SiO2的复合载体小球具有载菌量高、比表面积大的特性。该方法工艺简单，处理效率高，是一种有应用价值的方法。

关键词：固定化微生物；聚乙烯醇；海藻酸钠；包埋法；复合载体；养殖废水

Study on removing ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen from aquaculture wastewater by immobilized microorganisms with composite carrier
WEI Dapeng, SHAN Hongwei, MA Shen
( Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China)

Abstract： This paper is to find out the best composition of the immobilized microbial carrier and the optimum ration with the parameters of biodegradation rates on the ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen in aquaculture wastewater. Using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and sodium alginate (SA) as carriers and silica (SiO2) as adsorbent, immobilized composite carrier beads were obtained with entrapping method. Based on that, the removal effect of immobilized carriers with different ratios of the components on ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen in the wastewater were studied. The experiment results showed that the optimum technics conditions were: the PVA mass percent 10%, SA mass percent 3%, bacteria mass percent 0.1%, silica mass percent 4%, and the cross-linking time 36h. And the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen could reach to 96% and 98% in 24h, respectively. The immobilized microorganism with adding the SiO2 has characteristics of high microbial load and large specific surface area. It shows that the process is simple and high efficiency, which is good approach with application value.

Key words: Immobilized microorganism; Polyvinyl alcohol;Sodium alginate; Composite carrier; Aquaculture wastewater.

（来源：《渔业现代化》2014,41(3):11-14）