王晓晨1,2,3，孙国祥1,2,3，李勇1,2,3，周邦维1,2,3，赵宁宁1,2,3，柳阳1,2，于凯松4
（1 中国科学院海洋研究所，山东 青岛 266071；
2 中国科学院大学，北京 100049；
3 海洋生态养殖技术国家地方联合工程实验室，山东 青岛 266071；
4 山东东方海洋科技股份有限公司，山东 烟台 264003）

摘要：在高密度工业化封闭循环海水养殖条件下（养殖密度为14.2±0.48kg/m2），选取大菱鲆（371.68±43.15g）360尾，随机均分4组，设置4个水温梯度14℃、16℃、18℃、21℃，旨在探寻水温对大菱鲆氨氮排泄、转氨酶及血清免疫因子的影响。试验期为56 d。实验结果表明：（1）养殖水体总氨氮浓度随水温升高呈先升后降，18℃时总氨氮浓度极显著高于14℃、21℃时；大菱鲆氨氮排泄率随水温升高而升高，且二者呈指数关系。（2）大菱鲆肝脏GPT、GOT活力随水温升高呈先升后降，均在18℃达最大值。而血清两种指标变化趋势与之相反，均在21℃达最大值。（3）血清LZM、SOD活力及皮质醇含量均随水温升高呈先升后降，均在18℃达最大值。血氨含量则逐渐下降，14℃时极显著高于18℃、21℃时。鳃丝Na+-K+-ATPase活力随水温升高而升高，但组间差异不显著。综上，封闭循环水养殖大菱鲆的适宜水温为16~18℃。

关键词：循环水养殖；大菱鲆；水温；氨氮排泄；转氨酶；血清免疫因子
 

Effects of water temperature on the nitrogenous excretion, transaminase and immune factors of turbot（scophthatmus maximus）in recirculating aquaculture system
WANG Xiaochen1,2,3, SUN Guoxiang1,2,3, LI Yong1,2,3, ZHOU Bangwei1,2,3, ZHAO Ningning1,2,3, LIU Yang1,2, YU Kaisong4
(1 Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Qingdao 266071, China; 2 University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China; 3 National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Ecological Mariculture, Qingdao 266071, China;
4 Shandong Oriental Ocean Sci-Tech Co., Ltd., Yantai 264003, China )

Abstract: Four groups of juvenile turbots (371.68±43.15 g) were selected randomly to be reared at four constant water temperatures (14℃, 16℃, 18℃ and 21℃) , to examine the effect of the temperature on nitrogenous excretion, transaminase and serum immune factors of turbots in high stocking density(14.20±0.48 kg/m2) of closed recirculation aquaculture system for 56 days. The results indicated that: 1) The concentration of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) in water increased firstly and decreased as temperature increased, TAN of group 18℃ was significantly higher than that of group 14℃and 21℃; nitrogenous excretion increased as temperature increased, described as an exponential function; 2) The activities of GPT and GOT in liver increased firstly and decreased with increasing temperature. GPT and GOT of group 18℃ were highest. A reverse trend was found for GPT and GOT in serum, the maximum both occurred at group 21℃; 3) The activities of LZM and SOD and Cortisol levels all increased firstly and decreased with increasing temperature, and the maximum all occurred at group 18℃. Ammonia levels decreased gradually as temperature increased, and the levels of group 14℃ were significantly higher than that of group 18℃ and 21℃. The activity of Na+-K+-ATPase increased gradually as temperature increased, but the differences among groups were not significant; 4) It is concluded that the optimal water temperature of turbot in closed RAS was 16~18℃, providing the basis and reference for water temperature regulation of turbot in closed recirculating mariculture system.

Keywords: turbot; water temperature; nitrogenous excretion; transaminase; serum immune factors; closed recirculating aquaculture system

（来源：《渔业现代化》2014,41(6):1-7）